What are Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS)?
Periodic limb movements in sleep are repetitive movements, most typically in the lower limbs, that occur about every 20-40 seconds. If you have PLMS, or sleep with someone who has PLMS (also referred to as PLMD, periodic limb movement disorder), you may recognize these movements as brief muscle twitches, jerking movements or an upward flexing of the feet. They cluster into episodes lasting anywhere from a few minutes to several hours.
Are PLMS accompanied by symptoms?
Individuals with PLMS may also experience restless legs syndrome (RLS), an irritation or uncomfortable sensation in the calves or thighs, as they attempt to fall asleep or when they awaken during the night. Walking or stretching may relieve the sensations, at least temporarily (see the RLS fact sheet). However, research also shows that many individuals have PLMS without experiencing any symptoms at all. It's not unusual for the bed partner to be the one who's most aware of the movements, since they may disturb his/her sleep.
How common are PLMS?
Thirty five percent or more of people aged 65 and older experience PLMS. It also occurs in younger people, though less commonly. Men and women are equally affected.
What causes PLMS?
The exact cause of PLMS is still unknown. Scientists believe that the underlying mechanisms probably involve factors in the nervous system, although studies have not revealed any consistent abnormalites.
Are PLMS serious?
PLMS are not considered medically serious. They can, however, be implicated as a contributing factor in chronic insomnia and/or daytime fatigue because they may cause awakenings during the night. Occasionally, PLMS may be an indicator of a serious medical condition such as kidney disease, diabetes or anemia.
Can PLMS be treated?
A number of medications have been shown to be effective in treating PLMS, but treatment is only necessary when PLMS are accompanied by restless legs (RLS), insomnia or daytime fatigue. See the RLS Fact Sheet for treatments.
Where do I go for help?
Seek professional medical advice. You may wish to begin by consulting your family physician or by making an appointment for an evaluation at an accredited sleep disorders center in your area. For a listing of accredited centers, write to the address below:
The National Sleep Foundation, 1522 K St., NW, Suite 510, Washington, DC 20005. Phone (202) 347-3471 or fax (202) 347-3472 http://www.sleepfoundation.org/
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The National Sleep Foundation (USA)
The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) is an independent nonprofit organization dedicated to improving public health and safety by achieving understanding of sleep and sleep disorders, and by supporting education, sleep-related research, and advocacy.
Established in 1990, NSF relies on corporate and individual donations, as well as partnerships with corporations, government agencies, and other organizations, to support our programs.
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